How can you figure out the forge temp without using a thermometer?

[Marvex]

I’ve spent my fair share of time in the forge sans thermometer, and let me tell you, it’s forced me to think outside the box.
What’s your go-to method for gauging temp when you can’t see it?
Any reliable tricks up your sleeve?

 

[Tempered3dge]

When I don’t have all the tools, I pay attention to the metal’s color and how it moves in the forge. If it bends easily without breaking, I know I've hit that sweet spot. It’s one of those times where you just have to trust your instincts

 

[crucibleking]

No thermometer? No problem. I rely on the ‘spark test’ if the metal sparks when I dip it, then I know I'm in the right range. It’s straightforward, but it has served me well through many forge sessions.

 

[Anvilenvy]

Been in that situation. I stick with the old color method cherry red means I'm good to go, while orange tells me I need to heat it a bit more. It might not be exact, but it works when I can't find the pyrometer.